Historical Background: History of the Society of Jesus
Society of Jesus made its beginning in the context of world events.
1453 | Fall of Constantinople to Turks; Venetian commerce challenged
1474-1516 | Ferdinand and Isabella reign; expulsion of Moors and Jews from Spain
1475 | Birth of Michaelangelo Buonarroti
1483 | Birth of Raphael Sanzio, Martin Luther
1490 | Birth of Titian (Tiziano Vecelli)
1491 | Siege of Granada by Ferdinand and Isabella
1492 | Columbus finds America. Annexation of Granada by Spain. Alexander VI (Borgia) pope.
1494 | Beginning of Italian wars
1497 | Vasco de Gama goes around Cape of Good Hope
1498 | Death of Savonarola
1503 | Julius II pope. Erasmus' Enchiridion of the Christian Soldier
1505 | Luther enters the Augustinians. Michelangelo began Julius II's tomb
1506 | Construction of St. Peter's begins in Rome
1508 | Birth of Andrea Palladio, architect. Michelangelo painted Sistine Chapel ceiling; Raphael painted frescoes in Vatican palace
1509 | Birth of John Calvin. Henry VIII king of England. Portuguese in Southeast Asia.
1512 | Fifth Lateran Council, abortive reform effort
1513 | Leo X (Medici) pope
1515 | Francis I of France. Philip Neri and Theresa of Avila born.
1516 | Charles I, king of Spain; became Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in
1519. Machiavelli publishes The Prince. Thomas More writes Utopia.
1528 | Verrazzano off the American coast.
1530 | Lutheran Confession of Augsburg.
1531 | Henry VIII breaks with Rome.
1532 | Francisco Pizarro conquers Inca Empire.
1541 | Michelangelo finishes the Last Judgement. Birth of El Greco. Calvin's Institutes.Turks take Buda and Hungary.
1542 | Roman Inquisition begun. Portuguese in Japan. Birth of John of the Cross, Leonardo da Vinci
1543 | Copernicus' astronomical work De revolutionibus Orbium Coelestorum.
1545 | Opening of Council of Trent. Jesuits sent to Trent by Paul III
1546 | Death of Luther Death of Favre. Francis Borgia, Duke of Gandia, admitted to Jesuits. Jesuits in Brazil.
1547 | Henry VIII dies. Ivan the Terrible begins reign in Russia. Birth of Miguel de Cervantes. Michaelangelo named architect of St. Peter's.
1549 | First English "Act of Uniformity."
1550 | Julius III pope.
1551 | Turkish threat to Vienna.
1553 | Mary Tudor, queen of England
1555 | Marcellus II and Paul IV popes. Peace of Augsburg.
1556 | Abdication of Charles V. Philip II, king of Spain. Palestrina's "Mass of Pope Marcellus."
1561 | Madrid chosen as capital of Spain. Birth of Francis Bacon
1562 | Birth of Lope da Vega, Spanish playwright
c. 1562 | Teresa of Avila and John of the Cross reformed Carmelite orders
1564 | Birth of William Shakespeare
1566 | Revolt of Netherlands against Spain began
1575 | Congregation of the Oratory (founded by Philip Neri) approved.
1577 | Birth of Peter Paul Rubens
1588 | Spanish Armada attempts unsuccessful attack on England.
1596 | Birth of Rene Descartes
1598 | Birth of Gianlorenzo Bernini
1598-1621 | Philip III, king of Spain; decline of Spanish power.
1598-1610 | Henry IV, King of France
1599 | Birth of Diego Velazquez
1600 | Birth of Pedro Calderon, Claude Gelie Lorrain
1602 | Dutch East India Company organized
1603-1625 | James I (Stuart) reigned
1604 | Cervantes' Don Quixote, Part I published in Madrid
1606 | Birth of Rembrandt van Rijn
1610-1643 | Louix XIII, king of France with his mother Maria de' Medici (1573-1642) as regent during his minority
1611 | King James' authorized English translation of bible completed
1616 | Galileo enjoined by pope not to "teach or defend" researches confirming Copernican theory; called before the Inquisition in 1633.
1618-1648 | Thirty Years' War. Spain and Austria defeated, France becomes dominant European power
1621 | Rubens commissioned to paint murals in Luxembourg Palace
1622 | Birth of Molière (J. B. Poquelin)
1621-1665 | Philip IV, king of Spain
1. IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA & THE EARLY JESUITS: STUDIES
A. Lynn Martin, The Jesuit Mind: the Mentality of an Elite in Early Modern France (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988).
Andrew C. Ross, A Vision Betrayed : The Jesuits in Japan and China, 1542-1742 (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1994)
Antonio de Aldama, The Constitutions of the Society of Jesus: an Introductory Commentary, trans. Aloysius J. Owen (St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources, 1989).
Aveling, J.C.H, The Jesuits, Blond & Briggs Limited, London, 1981
Bangert, William V. A History of the Society of Jesus. 2nd ed. St. Louis (MO): The Institute of Jesuit Sources, 1986;
Barthel, Manfred, The Jesuits: history & legend of the Society of Jesus, 1984, 1st U.S. ed
Brodrick, James, The progress of the Jesuits (1556-79), 1947
Brodrick, James, The origin of the Jesuits, 1940
Cándido de Dalmases, Francis Borgia (St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources, 19__). Borgia was the 3rd general of the Society and imposed his organizational stamp on the Society—for good and for ill.
Candido de Dalmases, Ignatius of Loyola, Founder of the Jesuits (St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources, 1985). Best of the recent biographies of Ignatius. However, Dalmases is by trade an archivist; the style is not lively, but good precision on matters.
Charles E. Ronan, Bonnie B.C. Oh, eds., East Meets West : The Jesuits in China, 1582-1773 (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1988)
Clancy, Thomas H. (1976). An Introduction to Jesuit life : the constitutions and history through 435 years. St. Louis, Institute of Jesuit Sources.
Clancy, Thomas H. The Conversational Word of God: A Commentary on the Doctrine of St. Ignatius Loyola Concerning Conversation (St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources, 1979).
D.E. Mungello, ed., The Chinese Rites Controversy: Its History and Meaning (Nettetal: Steyler Verlag, 1994).
Dalmases, C. d. (1985). Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Jesuits : his life and work. St. Louis, Institute of Jesuit Sources in cooperation with Gujarat Sahitya Prakash, Anand, India.
Dauril Alden, The Making of an Enterprise : The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire, and Beyond: 1540-1750 (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Presss, 1996)
De Souza, Teotónio R, and Charles J. Borges, eds. Jesuits in India in Historical Perspective. Vol. I. Macau: Xavier Center of Historical Research, 1992.
Echániz, Ignacio. Passion and Glory: A Flesh-and-Blood History of the Society of Jesus. 4 vols. Anand (India): Gujarat Sahitya Prakash, 2000.
Francis Edwards, Robert Persons: The Biography of an Elizabethan Jesuit (St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources, 1995).
George Schurhammer, Francis Xavier, His Life, His Times, 3 vol. (Rome: Jesuit Historical Institute, 1973). German scholarship at its most exhaustive. More than you would ever want to know about Xavier; the definitive study, best used as a reference work.
Guibert, J. d. and G. E. Ganss (1986). The Jesuits, their spiritual doctrine and practice: a historical study. St. Louis, Institute of Jesuit Sources.
Harvey D. Egan, Ignatius Loyola the Mystic, Way of the Christian Mystics 5 (Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press, 1991)
Harvey D. Egan, The Spiritual Exercises and the Ignatian Mystical Horizon (St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources, 19__)
Hugo Rahner, Ignatius the Theologian (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 19__ ) paperback. A classic study done back in the 40s by the brother of the famous theologian Karl Rahner. Karl Rahner & Paul Imhof, Ignatius of Loyola (London: Collins, 1979). Valuable photos.
Ignacio Tellechea Idígoras, Ignatius of Loyola: the Pilgrim Saint (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 199_). Good on Basque background, but unduly sentimental.
John C. Olin, ed., Erasmus, Utopia, and the Jesuits: Essays on the Outreach of Humanism (New York: Fordham University Press, 1994).
John O’Malley, “Early Jesuit Spirituality: Spain and Italy,” in Christian Spirituality III: Post-Reformation and Modern, ed. Louis Dupré and Don E. Saliers (New York: Crossroad, 1989)
John O’Malley, “To Travel to Any Part of the World: Jerome Nadal and the Jesuit Vocation,” Studies in the Spirituality of Jesuits, Vol. 15, #5 (1983). A fine study of the activist and missionary element within Jesuit spirituality.
John O’Malley, The First Jesuits (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993). Must reading. It marks such an advance that most previous studies look woefully out-of-date. O’Malley’s great gift is not just the balance of his historical judgment and the lucidity of his prose, but his ability to put things in context—to see the forest for the trees. Because the approach is more thematic than chronological, beginners may also want to consult the works listed below by Dalmases and Bangert to get the basic sequence of events.
Jonathan D Spence, The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci (reprint: New York: Viking Press, 1994).
Josef Franz Schutte, Valignano’s Mission Principles for Japan, 2 vol. (St. Louis:; Institute of Jesuit Sources, 1980) From 1573 to 1606 Alessandro Valignano held authority over all the Jesuit missions in the Far East. It was, in part, his missionary genius that created the successes of the missions in Japan, China, and India.
Joseph de Guibert, The Jesuits: Their Spiritual Doctrine and Practice, trans. William J. Young (St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources, 1972 / original: 1972) Dated in many respects, but still recognized as a classic survey of Jesuit spirituality.
Joseph Tylenda, Jesuit Saints and Martyrs (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1984).
Juan Luis Segundo, The Christ of the Ignatian Exercises (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1987)
Klaiber, Jeffrey. The Jesuits in Latin America, 1549-2000: 450 Years of Inculturation, Defense of Human Rights, and Prophetic Witness. Saint Louis (MO): Institute of Jesuit Sources, 2009;
Lighthart, C. J, The Return fo the Jesuits: The Life of Jan Philip Roothaan. London: T. Shand Publications, 1972.
Martin E. Palmer, On Giving the Spiritual Exercises: The Early Jesuit Manuscript Discoveries and the Official Directory of 1559 (St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources, 199_).
O’Malley, John W. The Jesuits: A History from Ignatius to the Present. Lanham (MD) [etc.]: Rowman & Littlefield, 2014;
Padberg, John W. “The First Thirty General Congregations of the Society of Jesus. A Brief History.” In For Matters of Greater Moment: The First Thirty Jesuit General Congregations a Brief History and a Translation of the Decrees, edited by John L. McCarthy, translated by Martin D. O’Keefe, 1–64. St. Louis (MO): The Institute of Jesuit Sources, 1994.
Paul Begheyn, “Bibliography on the History of the Jesuits,” Studies in the Spirituality of the Jesuits, Vol. 28/1 (St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources, 1996).
Philip Caraman, Ignatius of Loyola: a Biography (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1990)
Philip Caraman, The Lost Empire: the Story of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame, 1985).
Philip Caraman, The Lost Paradise: An Account of the Jesuits in Paraguay, 1607-1768 (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 19__). If you have seen the movie The Mission, you are familiar with the “reductions” in Paraguay and the unconventional mission techniques of the Jesuits there. A good survey of the rise and fall of the “Jesuit republic” forged in the jungles of South America.
Robert Emmett Curran, ed., American Jesuit Spirituality: The Maryland Tradition, 1634-1900, Sources of American Spirituality (New York: Paulist Press, 1988).
William Bangert, A History of the Society of Jesus, 2nd ed. (St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources, 1986) A solid survey.
William Bangert, Jerome Nadal, S.J. (1507-1580): Tracking the First Generation of Jesuits, ed. Thomas M. McCoog (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1992)
William V. Bangert, Claude Jay and Alfonso Salmeron : Two Early Jesuits (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1985).
William V. Bangert, A Bibliographical Essay on the History fo the Society of Jesus. (St. Louis: The Institute of Jesuit Sources, 1976).
Jesuits in India and Asia
Amaladass, Anand. Jesuit Presence in Indian History: Commemorative Volume on the Occasion of the 150th Anniversary of the New Madurai Mission, 1838-1988. Anand: Gujarat Sahitya Prakash, 1988.
Correia-Afonso, John. The Jesuits in India 1542-1773 - A Short History. Anand: Gujarat Sahitya Prakash, 1997.
De Souza, Teotonio R, and Borges, Charles, J., Jesuits in India: In Historical Perspective. Macau: Instituto Cultural de Macau, 1992.
Shastry, B. S. Studies in Indo-Portuguese History. Bangalore: IBH Prakashana, 1981.
Sundaram, V. Lawrence, Jesuit Profiles: Some Eminent Jesuits of South Assia, Anand: Gujarat Sahitya Prakash, 1991
Science, Art, Architecture, Culture and Music
Bishop, George, Jesuit Pioneers of Modern Science and Mathematics. Anand: Gujarat Sahitya Prakash, 2005.
John W. O'Malley, Gauvin A. Bailey, Giovanni Sale, The Jesuits and the Arts, 1540-1773, Saint Joseph's University Press, 2005
John W. O'Malley, Gauvin Alexander Bailey, Steven J. Harris, T. Frank Kennedy, The Jesuits: Cultures, Sciences, and the Arts, 1540-1773, University of Toronto Press, 2015
John W. O'Malley, Gauvin Alexander Bailey, Steven J. Harris, T. Frank Kennedy, The Jesuits II: Cultures, Sciences, and the Arts, 1540-1773, University of Toronto Press, 2016
The European Reformation: introductory and general
*E. Cameron, The European Reformation (1991)
*O. Chadwick, The Reformation (Pelican, 1964)
**O. Chadwick, The early Reformation on the Continent (2001)
*P. Chaunu (ed.), The Reformation (1989)
*P. Collinson, The Reformation (2003)
A. Cunningham and O.P. Grell, The four horsemen of the Apocalypse: religion, war, famine and death in Reformation Europe (2000)
*A. G. Dickens, Reformation and Society in l6th century Europe (1966)
**G.R. Elton, Reformation Europe 1517-1559 (1963)
**G.R. Elton (ed.), The Reformation 1520-1559 (New Cambridge Modern History II, 1975 and 1990 edns.)
T. George, Theology of the Reformers (1988)
*M. Greengrass, The Longman companion to the European Reformation c. 1500-1618 (1998)
*H.J. Hillerbrand (ed.), The Oxford encyclopaedia of the Reformation (4 vols., 1996)
*H.J. Hillerbrand, Historical dictionary of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation (2000)
H. Hillerbrand, The division of Christendom: Christianity in the sixteenth century (2007)
*R. Po-Chia Hsia, An introduction to the Reformation world (2006)
**R. Po-Chia Hsia (ed.), The Cambridge History of Christianity 6: Reform and expansion, 1500-1660 (2007)
*S. Hughes and A. Milton, in A. Hastings, A. Mason and H. Pyper (eds), Christian thought: a brief history (2002)
*B. Kümin (ed.), The European World 1500-1800 (2009), Part 3
*C. Lindberg, The European Reformations (1996)
**D. MacCulloch, Reformation: Europe’s House Divided 1490-1700 (2003)
D. MacCulloch, M. Laven, and E. Duffy, “Recent Trends in the Study of Christianity in Sixteenth-Century Europe”, Ren.Quly. 59 (2006), 697-731
*A.E. McGrath, Reformation Thought. An Introduction (3rd edn., 1999)
S. Ozment, Protestants: the birth of a Revolution (1992)
J. Pelikan, Reformation of Church and dogma 1500-1700 (1983)
*A. Pettegree (ed.), The Early Reformation in Europe (1992)
*A. Pettegree (ed.), The Reformation World (2000): superb summary essays
*A. Pettegree, Europe in the 16th century (2002)
*B.M.G. Reardon, Religious thought in the Reformation (1981)
*U. Rublack, The Reformation (2005)
*A. Ryrie (ed.), Palgrave advances in the European Reformation (2005)
*Q. Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought. 2: the Reformation (1978)
J.D. Tracy, Europe’s Reformations 1450-1650 (2000)
**L.P. Wandel, The eucharist in the Reformation: incarnation and liturgy (2006)
The origins of the Counter-Reformation
Prelude to Counter-Reformation in Spain
*D. Coleman, “Spain”, in A. Pettegree (ed.), The Reformation World (2000), Ch. 17
**J. Edwards, Religion and Society in Spain, c. 1492 (1996) [collected essays]
*J. Edwards, The Spanish Inquisition (1999)
*F. Fernandez-Armesto, “Humanist, inquisitor, mystic: Cardinal Jimenes de Cisneros”, H.T. 38 (Oct. 1988)
*M. Firpo, “The Italian Reformation and Juan de Valdés”, 16th Cent. Jnl 27 (1996), 353-63
**A. Hamilton, Heresy and Mysticism in 16th-century Spain: the Alumbrados (1992)
**H. Kamen, The Phoenix and the Flame: Catalonia and the Counter-Reformation (1993)
**S.T.Nalle, God in La Mancha: religious reform and the people of Cuenca, 1500-1650 (1992)
*H. Rawlings, Church, religion and society in early modern Spain (2002)
*E. Rummel, Jiménez de Cisneros: on the threshold of Spain’s golden age (1999)
*R.C. Spach, “Juan Gil and 16th century Spanish Protestantism”, 16th Cent. Jnl 26 (1995), 857-79
*A. Weber, “Recent studies of women and early modern religion in Spanish”, Ren.Quly. 52 (1999), 197-206 [review article]
Apocalypticism
**L. Polizzotto, The elect nation: the Savonarola movement in Florence 1494-1545 (1994)
**M. Reeves, The influence of prophecy in the later Middle Ages: a study in Joachism (1993)
**M. Reeves (ed.), Prophetic Rome in the High Renaissance period (1992)
General
*D. Bagchi, “Catholic theologians of the Reformation period before Trent” in D. Bagchi and D.C. Steinmetz (eds), The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology (2004), 220-32 [NB: through OXLIP you can read this online at http://cco.cambridge.org/public_home]
*R. Bireley, The refashioning of Catholicism, 1450-1700 (1999) [excellent]
R. Bireley, “Early-modern Catholicism as a response to the changing world of the long sixteenth century”, Cath.Hist.Rev. 95 (2009), 219-39
*E. Cameron, “Italy”, in A. Pettegree (ed.), The Early Reformation in Europe (1992), 188-214
**J. Delumeau, Catholicism from Luther to Voltaire (1972) [read in conjunction with review by D. Fenlon, “Interpretations of Catholic History”, J.Eccl.H. 33 (1982), 256-65]
**H.O. Evenett, The Spirit of the Counter-Reformation (1968)
*P. Janelle, The Catholic Reformation (1971)
*M.D.W. Jones, The Counter Reformation: religion and society in early modern Europe (1995) [excellent: with documents]
*D. MacCulloch, Reformation: Europe’s House Divided 1490-1700 (2003), Chs 2, 5
*R. Mackenney, Sixteenth Century Europe: Expansion and Conflict (1993), 173-95
*M.A. Mullett, The Catholic Reformation (1999)
**J.C. Olin, Catholic Reform: from Cardinal Ximenes to the Council of Trent, 1494-1563 (1990)
*H. Rawlings, Church, religion and society in early modern Spain (2002)
**A.D. Wright, The Counter-Reformation: Catholic Europe and the non-Catholic World (revised edn., 2005)
Ignatius and the early Jesuits
*P. Caraman, Ignatius Loyola (1990)
**J. de Guibert, The Jesuits: their spiritual doctrine and practice (1964)
O. Hufton, “Altruism and reciprocity: the early Jesuits and their female patrons” Ren.Stud. 15 (2001), 328-353
J.C. Olin, Erasmus, Utopia and the Jesuits: essays on the outreach of humanism (1994) [essays]
**J.W. O’Malley, The First Jesuits (1993)
*J.W. O’Malley in R.L. Demolen (ed.), Religious orders of the Catholic Reformation (1994)
The Council of Trent and its consequences
The Council of Trent
**H. Jedin, History of the Council of Trent (2 vols. 1957, 1961); more manageable is *H. Jedin, Crisis and closure of the Council of Trent (1967)
*A.N.S. Lane, Justification by faith in Catholic-Protestant dialogue: an evangelical assesssment (2002) [a useful analysis of Trent on justification]
*D.C. Steinmeitz “The Council of Trent”, in D. Bagchi and D.C. Steinmetz (eds), The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology (2004), 233-47 [NB: through OXLIP you can read this online at http://cco.cambridge.org/public_home]
*A.D. Wright, “The significance of the Council of Trent”, J.Eccl.Hist. 26 (1975), 353-62
The Counter-Reformation: General
*J. Bergin, “The Counter-Reformation Church and its bishops”, P.P. 165 (Nov. 1999), 30-73
*R. Bireley, The refashioning of Catholicism, 1450-1700 (1999) [excellent]
C.F. Black, Church, religion and society in early modern Italy (2004)
*J. Bossy, “The Counter-Reformation and the people of Europe”, P.P. 47
**L. Châtellier, The Europe of the devout: the Catholic Reformation and the formation of a new society (1989)
**L. Châtellier, The religion of the poor: rural missions in Europe and the formation of modern Catholicism, c. 1500-1800 (1997)
**J. Delumeau, Catholicism from Luther to Voltaire (1972) [read in conjunction with review by D. Fenlon, “Interpretations of Catholic History”, J.Eccl.H. 33 (1982), 256-65]
**H.O. Evenett, The Spirit of the Counter-Reformation (1968)
*J.R. Farr, W. de Boer and A.M. Poska, “Confessionalisation and social discipline in France, Italy and Spain”, A.R.G. 94 (2003), 276-319
C. Harline, “Official Religion-Popular Religion in recent historiography of the Catholic Reformation”, A.R.G. 81 (1990), 239-62
**J.M. Headley and J.B. Tomaro (eds.), San Carlo Borromeo: Catholic reform and ecclesiastical politics in the second half of the 16th century (1988)
**R. Po-Chia Hsia, Social Discipline in the Reformation: Central Europe 1550-1750 (1990)
**R. Po-chia Hsia, The world of Catholic Renewal, 1540-1770 (1998)
*P. Janelle, The Catholic Reformation (1971)
*T. Johnson, “The Catholic Reformation”, in A. Ryrie (ed.), Palgrave advances in the European Reformation (2005), 190-211
*M.D.W. Jones, The Counter Reformation: religion and society in early modern Europe (1995) [excellent: with documents]
*C. Lindberg, The European Reformations (1996), Ch. 14
*C. Lindberg (ed.), The Reformation theologians: an introduction to theology in the early modern period (2002), Part IV
*D. MacCulloch, Reformation: Europe’s House Divided 1490-1700 (2003), Chs 7, 9, 10
*R. Mackenney, Sixteenth Century Europe: Expansion and Conflict (1993), 173-95
*M.A. Mullett, The Catholic Reformation (1999)
**J.C. Olin, Catholic Reform: from Cardinal Ximenes to the Council of Trent, 1494-1563 (1990)
*J.W. O’Malley, Trent and all that: renaming Catholicism in the early modern era (2000)
*H. Rawlings, Church, religion and society in early modern Spain (2002)
**L.P. Wandel, The eucharist in the Reformation: incarnation and liturgy (2006)
The Counter-Reformation: the religious Orders and the Society of Jesus
**R.L. Demolen (ed.), Religious orders of the Catholic Reformation (1994) [excellent introductions to all the new orders]
J.P. Donnelly, “Some Jesuit Counter-Reformation strategies in East Central Europe, 1550-1585”, in M.R. Thorp and A.J. Slavin, Politics, Religion and Diplomacy in early modern Europe (16th Cent. E.S. 27, 1994), 83-93
**J. de Guibert, The Jesuits: their spiritual doctrine and practice (1964)
**O. Hufton, “The widow’s mite and other strategies: funding the Catholic Reformation”, T.R.H.S. 6th ser. 8 (1998) 117-38
*J.W. O’Malley in R.L. Demolen (ed.), Religious Orders of the Catholic Reformation (1994)
P. Shore, “Recent Studies in Jesuit History”, J.R.H. 31 (2007), 316-23 [review article]
T. Worcester (ed.), The Cambridge companion to the Jesuits (2008) [NB: through OXLIP you can read this online at http://cco.cambridge.org/public_home]
*J. Wright, The Jesuits: missions, myths and histories (2004)
From https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781503615441-013/pdf
