Chronology

Chronology of Jesuit History

Year Month/Day Historical event

1491 Birth of Iñigo de Loyola (Saint Ignatius of Loyola)

1521 05/20 Ignatius was seriously wounded at Pamplona, Spain, while defending its fortress against the French.

1521 06/28 Ignatius miraculously began to recover from his wounds on the eve of the feast of St. Peter.

1522 03/24 At Montserrat on the Vigil of the Annunciation, Ignatius spent the night in prayerful vigil. He had arrived dressed in expensive clothes in the fashion and style of soldiers, but gave those garments to a poor man and donned a simple pilgrim's robe.

1523 07/14 Ignatius departed from Venice on his pilgrimage to the Holy Land.

1523 09/04 After several months of sailing and a week of waiting in the harbour at Joppa to disembark, Ignatius finally entered the city of Jerusalem as a pilgrim. He could not stay in Holy Land.

1526 11/19 St. Ignatius was examined by the Inquisition in Alcala, Spain. They were concerned with the novelty of his way of life and his teaching.

1527 04/18 Ignatius was imprisoned for the first time, in Alcala, Spain, where he was studying and conversing with people on spiritual topics.

1527 06/01 Ignatius was thrown into prison after having been accused of having advised two noblewomen to undertake a pilgrimage, on foot, to Compostela.

1528 02/07 Ignatius arrived in Paris to begin his studies anew after his frustration at Alcalá and Salamanca.

1533 03/13 At Paris, in the College of Ste. Barbe, Ignatius completed his course of philosophy.

1534 08/15 Ignatius and six companions – Pierre Faber, Francis Xavier, Diego Laynez, Simão Rodriguez, Alonso Salmerón, Nicolás Bobadilla – took their first vows at a Mass celebrated by Faber at Montmartre in Paris.

1534 09/19 During this period St. Ignatius gave the Spiritual Exercises to St. Francis Xavier when both  were students at the University of Paris.

1535 03/14 At Paris Ignatius received the Master of Arts degree with the right to be called "Master Ignatius".

1535 07/22 In Paris the first Mass of St. Peter Faber.

1536 10/14 In Paris St. Ignatius received his diploma, at age 44, as Master of Arts and Sacred Theology.

1537 05/07 St. Francis Borgia was converted from the vanities of the world by the sight of Empress Isabella’s corpse.

1537 06/10 Ignatius and his companions received minor orders at the house of Bishop Vincenzo Negusantiin Venice, Italy.

1537 06/24 Ignatius, Francis Xavier and five of the companions were ordained priests in Venice, Italy.

1539 09/03 At his summer residence in Tivoli, outside of Rome, Paul III gave his initial, oral approval of the Society of Jesus when St. Ignatius sent him the “Five Chapters” which described the proposed new religious order.

1540 01/25 The birth of St. Edmund Campion.

1540 06/30 St. Francis Xavier arrived at Lisbon on his way to India.

1540 09/27 At the Palazzo San Marco in Rome, Pope Paul III signed the Bull “Regimini militantis ecclesiae,” establishing the Society of Jesus as a religious order.

1541 04/07 On his 35th birthday, St. Francis Xavier embarked from the quay of the Tagus River known as the Place of Tears to go to India with two other Jesuits. The voyage took them 13 months.

1541 04/19 On the advice of his confessor, Fra Teodosio da Lodi, a Franciscan, Ignatius accepted the second election, which had selected him to be the first superior general of the Society of Jesus.

1541 07/08 Pope Paul III assigned the church of Our Lady of the Way to the Society of Jesus. It was a small church but St. Ignatius highly esteemed its location in the heart of Rome.

1542 05/06 St. Francis Xavier reached Goa, India, after more than a year’s journey.

1544 09/01 At Rome, St. Ignatius and his companions took possession of the house of St. Maria della Strada, the first professed house of the Society.

1545 11/23 Jeronimo de Nadal, whom St. Ignatius had known as a student at Paris, entered the Society. Later Nadal was instrumental in getting Ignatius to narrate his autobiography.

1545 12/25 Isabel Roser pronounced her vows as Jesuit together with Lucrezia di Brandine and Francisca Cruyllas in the presence of Ignatius at the church of St. Maria della Strada in Rome.

1546 02/05 At Rome, the death of Pierre Fabre, one of the first companions.

1546 05/19 Pope Paul III sent Diego Laynez and Alfonso Salmeron as his theologians to the Council of Trent.

1546 06/05 Paul III, in his Brief Exponi Nobis, empowered the Society to admit coadjutors, both spiritual and temporal.

1546 10/01 Isabel Roser was released by St. Ignatius from her Jesuit vows after eight months.

1546 10/26 The province of Portugal was established as the first province in the Society, with Simão Rodrigues as the first provincial.

1547 05/20 Pope Paul III acceded to the request that the Society of Jesus not have women as members nor have a parallel women’s order.

1548 03/18 The arrival of the first Jesuits missioned to Africa by Simon Rodrigues, provincial of Portugal, at the request of the King of Kongo supported by the King of Portugal. They landed at Pinda on March 18, 1548, and made their way two days later to Mbanza Kongo, the capital of the kingdom of Kongo. They were three priests--Jorge Vaz, Cristovao Ribeiro, Jacome Dias-- and a scholastic, Diogo do Soveral.

1548 04/08 St. Peter Canisius was sent to Messina to teach rhetoric.

1548 07/31 At the request of St. Francis Borgia, Pope Paul III issued the Brief, "Pastoralis officii" approving the book of the Spiritual Exercises.

1549 11/10 At Rome the death of Paul III, to whom the Society owes its first constitution as a religious order.

1549 12/23 St. Francis Xavier was appointed provincial of the newly-erected Indian Province.

1550 07/21 Through his Bull, “Exposcit debitum” Pope Julius III again confirmed the Institute of the Society.

1551 01/15 St. Francis Borgia wrote to the Emperor Charles V announcing his intention to enter the Society of Jesus and asking leave to resign his dukedom in favor of his eldest son, the Marquis de Lombay.

1551 01/30 St. Ignatius wrote a letter offering to resign as superior general because of ill health.

1551 02/18 The opening in the Piazza Ara Coeli of the first school of the Society of Jesus in Rome, which soon developed into the Roman College, later to be called the Gregorian University.

1552 12/02 On the island of Sancian off the coast of China, St. Francis Xavier died.

1553 06/09 Manuel da Nobrega was named provincial of the Jesuits in Brazil. He was involved in the foundations of the cities of Salvador, Sao Paolo and Rio de Janeiro.

1553 07/09 St. Ignatius created the Province of Brazil and named Fr. Manuel de Nóbrega as first superior of its 30 Jesuits.

1556 06/07 Peter Canisius became the first provincial of the newly constituted Province of Upper Germany.

1556 07/11 Ignatius, gravely ill, handed over the daily governance of the Society to Juan de Polanco and Cristóbal de Madrid.

1556 07/30 As he lay near to death, Ignatius asked Juan de Polanco to go and obtain for him the pope’s blessings and indulgence.

1556 07/31 Death of St. Ignatius

1556 08/30 On the banks of the St. Lawrence River, Leonard Garreau, a young Jesusit missionary, was mortally wounded by the Iroquois.

1557 02/13 Andrew Oviedo, recently consecrated bishop and patriarch of Ethiopia, set sail from Goa for his new see.

1558 06/19 The opening of the First General Congregation, nearly two years after the death of Ignatius. It was summoned by Father Laynez, the vicar general.

1558 07/02 The election of Diego Laynez as superior general in the First General Congregation. He had been vicar general since the death of Ignatius in 1556.

1558 09/29 Jesuits began to keep choir in obedience to an order from Paul IV, later rescinded by his successor.

1560 07/15 The martyrdom of Ignacio Azevedo along with 39 companions near Palma, one of the Canary

Isles. En route to Brazil as missionaries, they were captured by Calvinist corsairs.

1563 03/25 The first Sodality of Our Lady, Prima Primaria, was begun in the Roman College by a young Belgian Jesuit named John Leunis (Leonius).

1563 12/03 At the Council of Trent, the Institute of the Society was approved.

1564 02/22 At Paris, against much opposition a Jesuit school was opened, Collège Louis-le-Grand.

1564 05/02 Pope Pius V yield to Father General Laynez' request and approved that the Society should have no Cardinal Protector, but be under the pope's immediate protection.

1565 01/19 The death at Rome of Father General Diego Lainez, the second superior general of the Society and the pope's theologian at the Council of Trent.

1565 06/21 The Second General Congregation convened, representing 3,500 members in 18 provinces. The congregation elected Francis Borgia superior general and approved 120 decrees before its closure on Sept. 3.

1565 09/20 Under the leadership of Father General Francis Borgia, Sant’Andrea in Quirinale in Rome opened as the first novitiate separate from a colleges or professed house.

1566 09/28 The death of Pedro Martinez, the first Jesuit to enter the continental United States. He was killed by natives on the island of Tatacuran, Florida.

1567 10/25 St. Stanislaus Kostka arrived in Rome and was admitted into the Society by St. Francis Borgia.

1567 12/24 Barely 35 years after the Society was founded, the first Jesuits to enter what is now Colombia disembarked at Cartagena on their way to Peru, sent by St. Francis Borgia at the request of King Philip II.

1568 04/02 At Rome, the entrance of Blessed Rodolf Acquaviva, aged 17, into the novitiate of San Andrea, where St. Stanislaus was then a novice.

1568 04/29 St. Pius V, by his Brief "Innumerabiles fructus," confirms the Constitutions of Paul II and Julius III regarding the government of colleges, the appointment of rectors by the General, etc.

1569 08/01 Edmund Campion, convinced of the errors of the new religion, abandoned the University of Oxford and all his brilliant prospects.

1571 02/03 In Florida, the martyrdom of Luis Quiros and two novices, Juan Mendez and Gabriel Solis.

1572 05/17 Pope Gregory XIII exempted the Society from choir and approved simple vows after two years of novitiate and ordination before solemn profession. In these matters he reversed a decree of St. Pius V.

1572 07/13 The first band of Jesuit missionaries entered Mexico.

1572 09/30 The death of St. Francis Borgia, the Duke of Gandia and viceroy of Catalonia before becoming a Jesuit. He became the third superior general of the Society and oversaw the establishment of many schools and the expansion of missionary work.

1573 04/12 At Rome, the opening of the third general congregation during which Everard Mercurian was elected superior general.

1573 06/16 The Third General Congregation elected Everard Mercurian, a Belgian, as superior general; Pope Grevory XIII had expressed a wish that the general should not be a Spaniard.

1573 08/06 Pope Gregory XIII published his Bull "Postquam Deo placuit," which founded the German College.

1573 09/07 The death of Princess Juana, Regent of Spain, the emperor's daughter. She died as a Jesuit scholastic, having taken vows secretly under a special dispensation.

1578 02/03 The death of Thomas Nelson, martyred at Tyburn by being hanged, drawn and quartered.

1578 03/24 At Lisbon Rodolf Acquaviva and 13 companions embarked for India. Among the companions were Matthew Ricci and Michael Ruggieri.

1578 06/25 The death in Clare, Ireland, of David Wolfe, pioneer Jesuit of the Irish mission, after five years imprisonment.

1578 10/17 Robert Bellarmine entered the Jesuit novitiate of Sant' Andrea in Rome at the age of 16.

1579 04/23 At Rome, the appointment of Alphonsus Agazzari, the first Jesuit rector of the English College which had been founded by Pope Gregory XIII.

1579 07/14 At Lisbon, the death of Simão Rodrigues, one of the first companions.

1580 07/03 Queen Elizabeth I issued a statute forbidding Jesuits all entrance into England.

1581 04/22 At the close of the fourth general congregation, Pope Gregory XIII received the new general, Claude Acquaviva, and promised to provide a foundation fund for the Roman College.

1581 07/17 St. Edmund Campion was arrested in England.

1581 08/08 Anthony Possevino was received with extraordinary honors by Basilowicz, the Czar of Russia.

1581 12/01 At Tyburn in London, St. Edmund Campion and Alexander Briant were martyred.

1582 05/30 At Tyburn, the martyrdom of Thomas Cottam with three other priests.

1582 10/05 The Gregorian Calendar went into effect. Christopher Clavius SJ helped create this modification that suppressed the days between October 5 and 15 in order to bring the calendar into line with astronomical facts. Countries which did not like the pope liked his calendar even less, so it was not until the 20th century that all countries adopted it as their civil calendar.

1583 07/25 The martyrdom near Goa, India, of Rudolph Aquaviva, Pater Berno, Francio Aranha, Alphonsus Pacheco and Anthony Francisco.

1584 11/25 The Church of the Gesu, built in Rome for the Society by Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, was solemnly consecrated.

1585 02/13 At Naples, the death of Alfonso Salmeron, one of the first companions.

1586 04/20 The first Ratio Studiorum was issued under Father General Claude Aquaviva.

1587 03/27 The death at Messina of Thomas Evans, a Jesuit who had suffered imprisonment for his defense of the Catholic faith in England. He was 28 at the time of his death.

1590 09/23 The death of Nicolás Bobadilla, the last survivor of the original companions who founded the Society of Jesus.

1593 11/03 The 5th General Congregation was the first were there was no election of new General. It was convoked to solve problems between the Pope Sixtus V, the King Philip II of Spain and the General Claudio Aquaviva. The Pope died before making any change in the Society and the following Pope, Gregory XIV, confirmed the Society’s institute as it stood. The GC 5 finished on 18th January 1594.

1593 12/19 At Rome St. Robert Bellarmine was appointed rector of the Roman College.

1594 10/16 Students of the English College in Rome broke into a sort of rebellion against the Jesuits in charge there.

1595 04/30 The death of Abraham George, the first of eight Jesuit martyrs in Ethiopia.

1597 07/27 The death at Cracow of James Vujek, Polish jesuit appointed by King Stephen tutor to Prince Sigismund. Vujek translated the Bible into Polish.

1597 10/04 John Gerard managed a marvelous escape from the Tower of London.

1598 01/01 The death of Alphonsus Barréna, surnamed the Apostle of Peru; he was the first to carry the faith to the Guaranis and Chiquitos in Paraguay.

1600 02/06 At Nanking, Matteo Ricci, after being expelled from this city, returned and opened a seminary.

1601 01/08 The birth of Balthasar Gracian, a Spanish Jesuit who wrote on courtly matters. He is the author of "The Compleat Gentleman" and "The Art of Worldly Wisdom."

1604 10/18 The foundation in Bogotá, Colombia of Colegio Santa Fe; it is the oldest university in Colombia and the third oldest in the Americas, following those in Mexico and Lima.

1608 02/21 The GC 6 was convened. The sixty-four members of the Congregation confirmed Aquaviva’s leadership and their confidence in him.

1608 06/23 The martyrdom in London, England, of Thomas Garnet.

1609 07/27 Paul V beatified Ignatius.

1610 05/11 The death in Peking (Beijing) of Mateo Ricci, the Italian Jesuit mathematician and founder of the modern missions in China, the first to introduce the Christian faith there.

1611 02/26 At Ferrara the death of Anthony Possevino, an Italian employed by Gregory XIII for embassies to Sweden, Russia, Poland and Germany. He founded colleges and seminaries in Cracow, Olmutz, Prague, Braunsberg and Vilna. He also wrote 24 books.

1611 06/22 The first Jesuits arrived in Canada, sent by Father General Claudio Aquaviva, at the request of King Henry IV of France.

1611 07/02 Death of St. Bernardino Realino, parish priest in Italy for many years.

1614 11/06 The death in Nagasaki, Japan, of Servant of God James de Mesquita who died before being exiled from that country where he had been a missionary.

1615 01/31 The death of Father General Claudio Acquaviva, the fifth superior general of the Society, who governed for 34 years, the longest term of office of any Jesuit general. The Congregation elected Muzio Viteleschi, Superior General.

1615 03/05 At Belmont, England, Thomas Pond died. He was among the first to introduce Jesuit missioners into England.

1615 06/27 The Holy See gave permission to the Jesuits of China to celebrate Mass with heads covered, to translate the Bible into Chinese and to administer the sacraments in that same language.

1616 02/21 Alphonsus Rodriguez, 90, master of novices for 40 years and author of a famous text on religious life "The Practice of Religious Perfection" died at Seville.

1617 09/25 The death in Lisbon of Father Francisco Suárez, one of the foremost philosophers and theologians of the Society of Jesus.

1617 10/31 The death in Mallorca, of St. Alphonsus Rodríguez, a Jesuit brother famous for faithful service as porter of the college.

1618 10/12 The death in Bavaria of Servant of God, James Rem, who cared for boarding students in Ingolstadt and developed the Sodality there.

1619 01/02 At Rome, St. John Berchmans and Bartholomew Penneman, his companion scholastic from Belgium, entered the Roman College.

1619 01/04 The English mission is raised to the status of a province.

1622 03/12 At Rome, the canonization of Ignatius and Francis Xavier by Pope Gregory XV.

1622 09/15 In Quito, in the college seminary of St. Louis, the Jesuits founded the University of Gregory the Great.

1626 06/20 The martyrdom at Nagasaki, Japan, of Blesseds Francis Pacheco, John Baptist Zola, Vincent Caun, Balthasar de Torres, Michael Tozo, Gaspar Sadamatzu, John Kinsaco, Paul Xinsuki, and Peter Rinscei. 

1628 11/15 The martyrdom in Uruguay of St. Roch González, one of the main architects of the Jesuit missions on the River Plate in Paraguay, and St. Alphonsus Rodríguez.

1629 11/28 The martyrdom in Nagasaki, Japan, of Blessed Leonardo Kimura, who was burned to death.

1631 12/15 At Naples, during an earthquake and eruption of Mount Vesuvius, the Jesuits worked to help all classes of people.

1632 04/11 At Lima, Peru, Ruiz de Montaya died. A Portuguese, he was called the Apostle of Paraguay because of the thousands of people he converted.

1633 08/28 The martyrdom in Japan of the Italian Jesuit, Jácome Antonio Granoni.

1634 03/25 Arrival in Maryland of Andrew White and companions, founder of the mission.

1636 10/02 St. Isaac Jogues first set foot on the shores of the New World after two stormy months on the ocean.

1637 12/26 Cardinal Richelieu, the French Prime Minister, banished the Jesuit Nicolás Caussin, confessor of Louis XIII, who had incurred the wrath of the omnipotent minister for giving the king scruples about the cruel treatment and isolation of the queen mother, his treatment of his wife, and excessive taxation.

1642 11/30 The birth at Trent of Brother Andrea Pozzo, who was called to Rome in 1681 to paint the flat ceiling of the church of San Ignazio so that it would look as though there were a dome above. There had been a plan for a dome but there was not money to build it.

1643 05/12 The death in Canada of Enemundo Massé, the first apostle to preach the Good News in that territory subsequently known as New France.

1645 02/01 The death of Henry Morse, known as the "Priest of the Plague" because of his care for the plague-stricken. He was martyred at Tyburn, England, by being hanged, drawn and quartered.

1645 08/03 The death of Ven. Brian Cansfield, missionary to England for 25 years. He was arrested while celebrating Mass, and suffered such a beating in prison that he died a few days after he was released.

1645 11/21 General Congregation VIII elected Vincenzo Carafa as Superior General. This was the longest congregation in the history of the Society, the sessions continuing for 145 days.

1647 05/26 Massachusetts passed a law banning Jesuits; they would be put to death if they returned after banishment.

1648 07/04 The martyrdom in Canada of St. Anthony Daniel, who was shot with arrows and cast into flames by the Iroquois.

1649 06/08 The death of Vincenzo Caraffa, seventh superior general of the Society.

1649 12/07 The martyrdom in Etarita, Canada, of St. Charles Garnier, missionary to the Petun Indians, among whom he died during an Iroquois attack.

1949 12/13 The 9th General Congregation elected Francesco Piccolomini Superior General at the age of 75. He had previously served as provincial in three different provinces. Piccolomini survived only a year and a half as Superior General.

1649 12/22 At Cork the death of David Glawey, a missionary in the Inner and Lower Hebrides, Islay, Oronsay, Colonsay, Arran.

1650 07/18 The death of Cristopher Scheiner, a physicist, astronomer and geometer who discovered sun spots independently of Galileo and created one of the first terrestrial telescopes.

1651 05/19 The martyrdom at Tyburn, England, of Blessed Peter Wright, a former soldier who returned to his homeland as a Jesuit and was hanged.

1652 01/07 The 10th General Congregation opened and it elected as General the Roman Jesuit Luigi Gottifredi, but he died three months later while the Congregation was still in session. The German Jesuit, Goswin Nickel is elected superior general.

1656 01/23 Pascal published his first Provincial Letter against the Society of Jesus.

1657 05/16 The martyrdom at Janóv, Poland, of St. Andrzej Bobola, killed by Cossacks for his defense of faith.

1660 11/05 The death of Alexander de Rhodes, Jesuit missionary who arrived in what is now Vietnam in 1625.

1661 05/09 The Superior General, Goswin Nickel was 84 years old and ill at the time. He could not effectively govern the Society. With the approval of Pope Alexander VII, the 11th General Congregation elected Giovanni Paolo Oliva as Superior General.

1661 11/02 The death of Daniel Seghers, an artist famous for his paintings of insects and flowers.

1666 08/25 At Beijing, the death of John Adam Schall whose profound knowledge of mathematics and astronomy won him such fame that the Emperor entrusted to him the reform of the Chinese calendar.

1669 04/06 At Paris, St. Claude de la Colombiere was ordained a priest.

1675 05/18 The death in Canada, at age 37, of James Marquette, Jesuit missionary who gained lasting reknown for exploring the Mississippi River.

1678 11/26 In London the arrest and imprisonment of St. Claude la Colombiére. He was released after five weeks and banished.

1679 01/24 The martyrdom in London of William Ireland, procurator for the English Jesuits. He was falsely accused of plotting to kill the king.

1679 06/20 The martyrdom in London of Blesseds William Harcourt, John Gavan and Anthony Turner.

1679 07/22 The martyrdom at Cardiff, Wales, of St. Philip Evans.

1680 11/27 In Rome the death of Athanasius Kircher, considered a universal genius, but especially knowledgeable in science and archeology.

1682 07/05 General Congregation XII elected Charles de Noyelle Superior General of the Society of Jesus.

1686 12/11 At Rome the death of Charles de Noyelle, a Belgian, 12th superior general of the Society.

1687 07/06 In the 13th General Congregation, Tirso González was elected Superior General of the Society of Jesus at 66 years of age; he governed for 18 years.

1688 10/11 King Louis XIV forbade all correspondence and interchange between the French Jesuits and Father General Thyrsus Gonzalez.

1693 02/04 The martyrdom in India of St. Joan de Brito, born into the Portuguese aristocracy and a member of the royal court, who devised a method of working with various castes in India.

1696 11/19 According to the provisions of the brief signed by Innocent X, a general congregation had to assemble again nine years after the one that elected Father General Tirso Gonzalez in 1687. Accordingly, the 14th General Congregation met, convoked by the General. Among the twenty-nine decrees, the General Congregation again voted to try to have the nine-year rule for congregations abolished; and again failed to attain its goal

1697 10/19 The Milanese missionary Juan María Salvatierra arrived in California, carrying an image of the Virgin of Loreto.

1700 02/23 The death of Paul Hoste, mathematician and expert historian on construction of ships and naval warfare.

1705 01/21 The death of Claude François Menestrier, the writer of a classic history of ballet and the creator of a ballet for Louis XIV.

1706 01/17 The 15th General Congregation opened; on Jan. 31 it elected Michael Angelo Tamburini superior general.

1711 03/15 The death of Eusebio Francisco Kino, missionary in Lower California and Arizona, noted for his far-ranging exploration and accurate mapmaking.

1715 03/19 Pope Clement XI condemned the “Chinese Rites”; this action proved disastrous to the Chinese mission.

1722 09/05 King Philip V authorized the Society to found a college in the city of Santafé de Antioquia (Colombia); it was the first college founded in that province.

1723 10/11 The deaths in Vietnam of Servants of God John Baptist Messari and Francis Mary Bucherelli, martyrs.

1730 11/19 Frantisek Retz is elected General Superior in the 16th General Congregation.

1737 04/05 The canonization of St. John Francis Regis by Pope Clement XII.

1741 12/09 At Paris, Charles Poree died. He was a famous master of rhetoric. Nineteen of his pupils were admitted into the French Academy, including Voltaire.

1742 06/11 Pope Benedict XIV forbade the Chinese and Malabar Rites; persecution broke out at once in China.

1742 07/11 Pope Benedict XIV ended the controversy between Jesuits and other religious orders over the Chinese and Malabar Rites by forbidding the Jesuits to continue the liturgical practices they had long used in China.

1746 12/17 Benedict XIV annulled the Constitution of Pope Innocent X which required a general congregation of the Society every nine years.

1747 09/17 The death of Juan Prímoli, a Jesuit brother who had exceptional talents as an architect and built the cathedral of Córdoba and various churches in Buenos Aires.

1751 07/04 General Congregation XVII elected 69-year-old Ignacio Visconti to be superior general.

1755 11/17 Luigi Centurione is elected as Superior General in the GC XVIII. Centurione would lead the Society for a little over two years before he died. Just a few weeks after Carvalho, the marquis de Pombal, took the first overt step to banish the Jesuits from Portugal.

1758 05/09 The 19th General Congregation opened, the last of the Old Society. It elected Lorenzo Ricci as superior general in a time of great uncertainty, with the papal throne vacant after the death ofBenedict XIV.

1759 09/16 Royal Edict against Portuguese Jesuits. At Lisbon, 133 fathers and brothers of the Society were put on board a vessel to be conveyed as exiles to Civitavecchia.

1759 10/24 One hundred thirty-three Jesuits, banished from Portugal and put ashore at Civitavecchia, were most kindly received by Clement XIII and by the religious communities, especially the Dominicans.

1759 11/21 At Livorno, the harbor officials refused to let the ship, S. Bonaventura with 120 exiled Portugese Jesuits on board, cast anchor. Carvalho sent orders to the Governor of Rio de Janeiro to make a diligent search for the supposed wealth of the Jesuits.

1759 11/28 Twenty Fathers and 192 Scholastics set sail from the Tagus for exile. Two were to die on the voyage to Genoa and Civita Vecchia.

1760 11/12 Empress Maria Teresa of Austria decreed that the chairs of theology in all the universities within her domain should be held by Dominicans or Augustinians to avoid the "corrupt doctrine taught by the Jesuits."

1762 08/05 The Parliament at Paris condemned the Society’s Institute as opposed to natural law, confiscated all Jesuit property and forbade the Jesuit habit and community life.

1763 10/20 French King dissolves SJ in all his dominions. In a pastoral letter read in all the churches, the Archbishop of Paris expressed his bitter regret at the suppression of the society in France. He described it as a veritable calamity for his country.

1764 03/09 In France the government ordered all Jesuits to abjure the Institute or face exile. Only 15 out of approximately 4,000 members took the oath.

1767 03/11 At Madrid Fathers Thomas de Lorrain and Bernard Recio, leaving for the Provincial Congregation in Rome, received a sealed parcel said to come from the nuncio. They were requested to take it to someone in Rome. It contained a letter forged by de Choiseul and de Aranda, the prime ministers of France and Spain, and purporting to come from Father General Ricci alleging Charles III to be illegitimate. Both priests were arrested on their journey and brought back prisoners to Madrid. The forged document was shown to the king, whose previous affection for the Society turned into most bitter hatred. Charles III expels Jesuits from Spain

1767 04/03 St. Joseph Pignatelli was expelled from Spain along with all other Jesuits there. He began his career of holding together the suppressed Society at age 30, and once again saw the Society permitted to accept novices when he was 57 years old, but he did not live to see its restoration in 1814.

1767 07/10 All the Jesuits in Paraguay were arrested by order of Charkes III of Spain and led into exile. There were 385 priests, 109 brothers, 59 scholastics and 11 novices.

1767 09/09 Under the order of Charles III, the 465 Jesuits working in Perú had to abandon their apostolic efforts.

1768 01/14 The Society of Jesus was banished from the Duchy of Parma, the result of pressure exercised on the Grand Duke by Choiseul of France.

1768 11/04 On the feast of St. Charles, patron of Charles III, King of Spain, the people of Madrid asked for the recall of the Jesuits who had been banished from Spain 19 months earlier. Irritated by this demand, the King drove the Archbishop of Toledo and his Vicar General into exile as instigators of the movement.

1769 05/19 The election of Cardinal Lorenzo Ganganelli as Pope Clement XIV. He was the pope who suppressed the Society.

1769 11/08 In Spain, Charles III ordered all of the Society's goods to be sold, and sent a peremptory demand to the newly-elected Pope Clement XIV to have the Society suppressed.

1772 03/23 At Rome, Cardinal Marefoschi held a visitation of the Irish College and accused the Jesuits of mismanagement. He then removed them from directing that school.

1773 02/10 A copy of the proposed Brief of Suppression of the Society of Jesus, drawn up by Monino (Florida Blanca), the Spanish Ambassador, and revised by Cardinal Zelada, was sent with Pope Clement XIV's leave, given reluctantly, to Charles III of Spain, to be communicated by him to the Courts of France, Austria, Portugal and Naples.

1773 05/25 The scholastics at Bologna, Italy, pressed immediately before the suppression by Cardinal Malvezzi to take off their religious habit and accept dispensation from their vows, refused to listen to him.

1773 07/21 Pope Clement XIV issued “Dominus ac Redemptor”, an Apostolic Brief, suppressing the Society of Jesus.

1773 08/13 Pope Clement XIV published the Brief "Gravissimis ex causis" which established a special congregation of five cardinals to superintend the Suppression of the Society of Jesus and the appropriation of its houses and goods.

1773 08/16 The suppression of the Society of Jesus came with the publication of Clement XIV’s Brief “Dominus ac Redemptor.” Father General Lorenzo Ricci was led away as a prisoner to the English College.

1773 08/17 Frederik II of Prussia and Catherine of Russia forbade the publication of the Brief of Suppression in their dominions.

1773 10/06 In London, Dr. James Talbot, the Apostolic Vicar, promulgated the Letter of Suppression of the Society, and sent copies to Maryland and Pennsylvania.

1773 11/29 The Jesuits of White Russia requested the Empress Catherine to allow the Letter of Suppression to be published, as it had been all over Europe. "She bade them lay aside their scruples, promising to obtain the Papal sanction for their remaining in status quo."

1774 04/24 Christopher de Beaumont, Archbishop of Paris, wrote to Pope Clement XIV, regretting the Brief of Suppression.

1775 02/15 Cardinal Braschi was elected Pope Pius VI. A former pupil of the Society of Jesus, he desired the release of Father General Ricci and his assistants from prison in Castel San Angelo, but Charles III of Spain insisted on their detention. Fr. Ricci died in captivity

1778 04/15 Empress Catherine the Great requested the Holy See that the Jesuits in White Russia (the only ones in the world, all others having been suppressed) might have a novitiate. She received the answer that the local bishop should do as he thought best.

1780 02/02 Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia, visited the recently established novitiate at Polotsk, for which she had given permission and which helped make possible the survival of the Society during the suppression years.

1782 06/25 The Jesuits in White Russia were permitted by the Empress Catherine to elect a superior general. They chose Father Czerniewicz, who took the title of vicar general, with the powers of the general. There were five Polish Congregation during the suppression of the Society of Jesus. This Congregations elected Vicar General: Stanislaw Czerniewicz (1782), Gabriel Lenkiewicz (1785), Franciszek Kareu (1798) who was canonically confirmed as Superior General by the Pope Pius VII, and then also as Superior Generals Gabriel Gruber (1802) and Tadeusz Brozozowski (1805).

1787 02/12 At Milan the death of Rudiger Boscovich, among the most famous scientists in Jesuit history. His theory of the composition of matter foreshadowed in part modern atomic theory.

1789 11/06 Father John Carroll of Maryland, a Jesuit until the Suppression, was appointed to be the first Bishop of Baltimore.

1791 11/22 Georgetown Academy opened with one student, aged 12, who was the first student taught by the Jesuits in the United States.

1792 04/14 The death of Maximilian Hell at Vienna. He was an astronomer who directed the royal observatory for 36 years.

1798 07/01 The colossal silver statue of Ignatius in the Gesù in Roma was carried off by French officials during the revolution and melted down. (The exact day is uncertain.)

1800 03/14 At Venice, the election of Pope Pius VII (Cardinal Chiaramonti), a Benedictine, who in 1814 restored the Society throughout the world.

1801 03/07 "Second Confirmation" Day: Pius VII in his brief Catholicae Fidei confirmed Franciszek Kareu as Superior General of the Jesuits in Russia. Thereafter Pius VII wrote to Kereu as "General of the Society of Jesus."

1802 12/28 Pope Pius VII allowed Father General Gabriel Gruber to affiliate the English Jesuits to the Society of Jesus in Russia.

1803 02/19 At St. Inigo's, Maryland, James Walton died. He entered the Society in 1757, was sent to Maryland in 1766 and labored for 36 years. During the Suppression, fully confident that the Society would one day be restored, he faithfully guarded the property of the Society which had been invested chiefly in his name.

1811 02/16 At Dublin, the death of Thomas Betagh, the last survivor of the Irish Jesuits of the Old Society.  When the Society was suppressed, he opened a Latin school in Dublin and became curate of St. Michael's Church there. This year also died after working for the restoration of the Society Saint Joseph Pignatelli.

1814 08/07 Pope Pius VII in the bula Sollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum approved the restoration of the Society of Jesus.

1815 05/29 The restoration of the Society in Spain was proclaimed by royal decree.

1815 12/20 Alexander I was published a Ukase banishing the Society of Jesus from St. Petersburg and Moscow on the pretext that they were troubling the Russian Church.

1816 01/03 Father General Brzozowski and 25 members of the Society, guarded by soldiers, left St. Petersburg, Russia, having been banished by the civil government.

1816 05/06 In a letter to Thomas Jefferson, John Adams called Jesuits “a body of men worthy of damnation.”

1820 03/13 In Russia, an imperial ukase of Czar Alexander I banished all Jesuits from the Empire where the Society had survived from 1773 until the restoration in 1814.

1820 09/06 King Ferdinand VII suppressed the Society of Jesus in Spain.

1820 10/09 The 20th General Congregation of the Society opened. The first to be held by the restored  Society, it elected Luigi Fortis as superior General.

1824 05/17 Pope Leo XII returned the Roman College to the Society.

1829 01/06 Publication of Pope Leo XII’s rescript, declaring the Society to be canonically restored in England.

1829 01/27 The death of Father General Luigi Fortis, the 20th superior general of the Society of Jesus, who led the reconstruction of the Society when it was restored after the Suppression.

1829 06/30 The opening of the Twenty-First General Congregation, which elected John Roothan as superior general.

1829 08/26 The death of Ven. Aloysius Mary Solari, a teacher who became a powerful preacher noted for his Friday sermons on the Sacred Heart of Jesus. After only five years in Benevento, southern Italy, he fell suddenly ill, presumably from scarlet fever, and died at age 34.

1831 02/14 The French novitiate at Montrouge near Paris was sacked by revolutionaries convinced that the novices there were practicing “small arms drills” in preparation for the Society’s conquering France.

1831 02/24 Father General John Roothaan’s September 28, 1830, letter declaring Missouri an independent mission (from Maryland) finally reached the Missouri Jesuits. This status gave the Mission the privilege of having its own novitiate.

1833 02/01 Father General John Roothaan wrote the Ordinatio de Mineverali that granted Jesuit schools permission to charge tuition in line with other reputable day schools in the country. Poor students, however, were not to be turned away.

1834 05/24 Don Pedro IV expelled the Society from Brazil.

1834 12/27 Father General Johann Roothaan published an influential letter on the excellence of the Spiritual Exercises and the need for diligent study and good use of them.

1835 07/07 The Society in Spain was again suppressed and its property seized.

1840 03/27 Peter de Smet set out from St. Louis on his first trip to the Rocky Mountains at the invitation of a delegation from the Salishan people in what is now Montana. This exploratory trip resulted in starting a mission to the Indians a year later.

1840 07/23 The Belgian missionary Fr. Jean Pierre De Smet dedicated the mission that he and five companions were en route to establish in the U.S.A.’s Rocky Mountains to “St. Ignatius, Patron of the Mountains”

1841 08/17 The death of S.G. Charles Odescalchi (1786-1841), a cardinal of the Church who waited 20 years to become a Jesuit. He was one of the first to apply to enter the Society after it was restored in 1814, but family pressure and papal resistance kept him from doing so. In 1823 he was named a cardinal and consecrated archbishop of Ferrara, and later was appointed the vicar of Pope Gregory XVI for the diocese of Rome. Finally Odescalchi’s ill health led the pope tovpermit him to enter the novitiate, which he did in 1838. After he pronounced his vows, he served as spiritual father to young Jesuits at the seminary in Modena.

1842 04/28 The Republic of Colombia passed a law permitting Jesuits to return to that country some years after the universal restoration of the Society.

1844 06/18 Seventeen Jesuits arrived in Bogotá, Colombia, to e-establish the Society 80 years after Jesuits were banished.

1845 06/12 Pope Gregory XVI refused the demand of the French government that the French Jesuits should be secularized and their houses closed.

1848 03/10 At Naples a mob threatened to massacre the Jesuits unless they left the city at once.

1848 05/10 The Austro-Hungarian government decreed the suppression of the Society of Jesus in all its empire.

1851 09/21 In Rome at the Basilica of St. Peter, Pope Pius IX beatified Peter Claver, “The apostle of the slaves.”

1853 06/22 Pieter Beckx is elected Superior General in the 22nd General Congregation.

1856 06/06 The expulsion of Jesuits from Mexico, under the presidency of Ignacio Comonfort.

1857 10/13 The death in Naples of Ven. Paul Anthony Capelloni, pastor of the Gesù Nuovo.

1859 04/27 At Florence, under pressure from the Freemasons, the Society of Jesus was banished.

1860 01/16 At Calcutta, Belgian Jesuits opened St. Francis Xavier College.

1860 09/11 The Jesuits were expelled from Sicily and all their possessions confiscated.

1861 07/26 The dictator and persecutor of the Church, Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera, published a decree expelling Jesuits from Nueva Granada (Colombia); 52 Jesuits abandonned their homeland for the third time, going into exile in Guatemala.

1864 11/20 In St. Peter's, Rome, the beatification of Peter Canisius by Pope Pius IX.

1866 07/17 Gerard Manley Hopkins decided to become catholic.

1867 07/07 The beatification of the 205 Japanese Martyrs, 33 of them members of the Society of Jesus.

1868 08/10 The Society was expelled from Mexico and all its property confiscated.

1870 12/04 The Roman College, appropriated by the Piedmontese government, was reopened as a lyceum. The monogram of the Society over the main entrance was removed.

1871 08/12 The Society was expelled from Guatemala.

1872 07/20 In Roma gangs of miscreants paraded the streets crying out: “Death to the Friars! Death to the Jesuits!”

1872 08/22 Jesuits were expelled from Germany during Bismarck's Kulturkampf.

1873 04/04 In Mexico a law to expel the Society was proposed in Parliament.

1873 05/01 In Rome the Italian Parliament passed a law declaring religious orders non-existent in Italy, and ownership of all their properties passed to the state.

1873 06/19 In Rome, Victor Emmanuel and his parliament explicitly exclude the general of the Society from any pension.

1873 10/20 At Rome all of the Society's houses, including the Gesù and the Curia, were appropriated by the government.

1874 05/23 The death in St. Louis, Missouri, of Peter De Smet, intrepid Belgian missionary, who founded the Rocky Mountain Missions in the western United States and crossed the Atlantic 19 times in search of economic resources and vocations to staff the growing church.

1879 08/04 Pope Leo XIII published his encyclical Aeterni Patris affirming the importance of the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas.

1879 08/07 The New York Province was established.

1880 03/16 The French Parliament passed a bill sponsored by Jules Ferry's for the closing of all the Society's houses and colleges in France.

1881 05/04 The Society was expelled from the Republic of Nicaragua.

1881 06/26 Eighty-three Jesuits were banished by the Republic of Nicaragua.

1883 09/16 General Congregation 23 convened and choose as Vicar with right of succession the Swiss Jesuit Anton Anderledy. In its Decree 46 the Congregation dedicated the Society of Jesus to promoting devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.

1886 12/29 Publication of the beatification decree of the English martyrs.

1887 03/05 The funeral of Father General Peter Beckx, 22nd superior general of the Society, who served his brothers in that office for 34 years.

1889 06/08 The death of the jesuit poet, Gerard Manley Hopkins in Dublin at the age of 45.

1890 02/08 At Rome in the Palazzo Barberini, the death of Cardinal Joseph Pecci who left the Society of Jesus in 1847 but was readmitted 40 years later at the request of his brother, Pope Leo XIII.

1892 01/18 The death at Fiesole of Father General Anthony Anderledy, 23rd superior general of the Society. The 24th General Congregation elected Luis Martin as new general.

1900 06/17 The martyrdom at Wuyi, China, of Blessed Modeste Andlauer and Blessed Rémy Aroré, slain during the Boxer Rebellion.

1900 07/20 The death in China of Sts. Paul Denn and Leo Mangin, martyrs of the Boxer Rebellion; the Church celebrates their feast on Feb. 4.

1906 09/01 25th General Congregation met at the German-Hungarian College in Rome. The Congregation elected Franz Xavier Wernz the twenty-fifth Superior General.

1909 04/17 In the United States, America Magazine began publication.

1909 05/15 The death in Quito, Ecuador, of Italian Jesuit Luis Sodiro, a key scientific figure in Latin America, who developed a botanic collection that formed the base for the National Botanical Garden in Quito.

1909 06/29 St. Pius X entrusted the Pontifical Biblical Institute to the Society.

1909 09/07 Father General Franz Wernz established the province of Austria.

1913 04/09 Pope St. Pius X spoke his praises of the Apostleship of Prayer which counted 25 million members. The periodical The Messenger of the Sacred Heart appears in 42 editions in more than 20 languages.

1914 08/19 The death of Father General Francis Xavier Wernz, thirty-fifth superior general. A noted canonist, he devoted himself to the internal life of the Society.

1915 02/11 Wlodimir Ledochowski was elected 26th superior general of the Society.

1915 03/01 At the 26th General Congregation, the American Assistancy of the Society was established, consisting of the provinces then existent in the United States: Maryland-New York, Missouri, New Orleans and California. Thomas Gannon was named the first American Assistant.

1923 09/08 During his term as General, Wlodimir Ledochowski summoned two general congregations, something that no one else had done since the time of Aquaviva. The first, GC27, he convoked for September 1922, to bring the Society into conformity with the new Code of Canon Law (1917); the second, GC28, in 1938, was to elect a vicar to assist him in governing the Society.

1924 05/05 The Apostolic Letter of Pope Pius XI to Father General, recalling the distinguished merits of the Gregorian University and deciding to build a grand edifice.

1926 09/26 The death at the leprosarium in Culión, the Philippines, of Father Felipe Millán, known as the "Father of Lepers" after a life heroically dedicated to caring for the sick.

1927 10/04 The death in Mexico City of Servant of God Salvador Garcidueñas, pastor and guardian of the Shrine of Our Lady of the Angels.

1928 02/09 Edward Garesche founded the Catholic Medical Mission Board in New York City.

1930 05/27 The death of José María Algué, one of the great meteorologists in the history of the world. He invented a machine to measure barometric pressure that saved many lives in the Far East.

1934 10/07 The deaths of Servants of God Emile Martínez and John Baptist Arconada, martyrs of Spain.

1936 07/24 The death of S.G. Braulio Martínez and Lawrence Isla, martyrs of the Spanish Civil War.

1936 08/14 The deaths of Servants of God Joachim Valentí, Louis Boguñá, and Joseph Vergés, martyrs of the Spanish Civil War, killed by machine gun fire the day after their arrests.

1936 08/23 The death of Servants of God Martin Santaella, Alphonsus Payán, and Emmanuel Luque, martyrs of the Spanish Civil War. They were imprisoned in a prison ship in the harbor at Almerí, in southern Spain. Fathers Alphonsus Payán and Emmanuel Luque were taken off the ship along with a large number of others and shot. Fr. Santaella was beaten and suffocated in a coal bunker on another ship.

1936 08/24 The death of S.G. Andrew Carrió, martyr of the Spanish Civil War who remained in Spain ministering to people after the Society was suppressed.

1936 09/08 The death of Servant of God Richard Tena, martyr of the Spanish Civil War, who was too old and infirm to leave Spain as many other Jesuits had done. Despite his age, he was arrested and shot.

1936 09/12 Servant of God Emmanuel González (1889-1936), Martyr of the Spanish Civil War. Accused of supporting the nationalist movement against the communists, he was taken from prison in the middle of the night and executed.

1936 09/24 The death of Servant of God Ignatius de Velasco and six Companions, martyrs of the Spanish Civil War.

1936 11/04 The death in Tortosa, Spain, of Servants of God Francis Audí, John Rovira and Joseph Llatje, martyrs of the Spanish Civil War.

1937 06/04 Chile was established as an independent vice-province.

1942 11/19 The death of Servant of God Joseph Mark Figueroa, a brother who served as porter of the Jesuit college in Santa Fe, Argentina, for 54 years; his profound love of God touched the whole city.

1944 07/20 An abortive plot against Hitler by General Claus von Stauffenberg and his assistants resulted in the arrest of the Jesuit, Alfred Delp.

1946 08/31 The death of S.G. Joseph Picco, faithful and humble minister. Despite his frail health Fr. Joseph Picco devoted himself to a variety of ordinary jobs over a long life of priestly service. He wanted to be a missionary in Alaska, but his mission was to assist others: an elderly Jesuit who needed health care during his final months, students at the major seminary in Turin where he was confessor, and retreatants in Gozzano.

1946 09/06 General Congregation XXIX convened to elect a new superior general; nine days later it chose the Belgian Jesuit, John Baptist Janssens.

1947 07/21 The death of Servant of God John Baptist Reus, a German who worked in Southern Brazil and is noted for his mystical prayer.

1948 10/01 The death in Portugal of Servant of God Francis Rodrigues da Cruz, famed as a confessor of the poor.

1948 10/21 A novitiate was established in the Belgian Congo for African Jesuits, with four novice scholastics.

1952 05/14 The inauguration in Bogotá, Colombia, of Casa de Ejercicios de Jesús Redentor, for workers and rural farmers.

1952 08/18 The death of Alberto Hurtado, writer, retreat director, trade unionist and founder of "El Hogar de Christo," a movement to help the homeless in Chile.

1955 01/15 The death of Daniel Lord, popular writer, U.S. director of the Sodality, founder of the Summer School of Catholic Action, and editor of The Queen's Work.

1955 04/10 The death of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, paleontologist and theologian.

1956 10/28 In La Vega, Dominican Republic, the inauguration of Radio Santa María, a station founded by the Jesuits to provide popular or basic education throughout that country.

1956 11/01 The Society of Jesus was allowed into Norway.

1957 02/28 The Jesuit Volunteer Corps was founded in the United States.

1957 09/06 General Congregation XXX, convoked by Father General John Baptist Janssens to deal with matter of major importance for the Society.

1963 04/01 The death of Gerald Ellard, liturgist and one of the founders of the National Liturgical Conference.

1963 11/24 The death of John LaFarge, pioneer advocate of racial justice in the United States.

1965 05/22 Pedro Arrupe was elected the 28th superior general of the Society of Jesus in GC31

1968 08/21 Father General Pedro Arrupe arrived in Medellín, Colombia, to take part in the conference of Latin American bishops that proved to be a pivotal moment in the Church's recognition of the central role of the option for justice.

1969 10/08 The death of Louis Twomey, an advocate of interracial justice and labor relations in the United States.

1972 08/20 The death of Pío Buck, a Swiss Jesuit known as the apostle of prisoners in Brasil; he was also famous as an entomologist.

1975 01/26 The death of Josef Jungmann, whose studies of liturgical history contributed to the reform of the liturgy.

1975 12/02 The 32nd General Congregation was formally summoned by Father General Pedro Arrupe. This Congregation is best known for Decree 4, the document on our mission today: “The mission of the Society of Jesus today is the service of faith, of which the promotion of justice is an absolute requirement. For reconciliation with God demands the reconciliation of people with one another”.

1976 10/12 The murder in rural Brazil of Joao Bosco Burnier who was shot and killed by soldiers for protesting the torture of two poor women.

1977 03/12 In El Salvador, Rutilio Grande, pastor and champion of the campesinos, was assassinated on his way to celebrate Mass.

1978 06/27 The murder of Bernard Lisson, a mechanic, and Gregor Richert, a parish priest, shot to death at St Rupert's Mission, Sinoia, Zimbabwe.

1979 07/14 The assassination in Guyana of Fr. Bernard Darke, a photographer for the Catholic Standard, a diocesan newspaper.

1979 12/14 The death of Riccardo Lombardi, founder of the Better World Movement.

1980 03/07 Matthew Mannaparambil, a parish priest at Sasaram in Patna/Bihar, India, was assassinated.

1981 04/13 The death of Godofredo Alingal, who was shot and killed in his rectory in Kibawe, Philippines, for defending the rights of poor farmers.

1981 08/02 Carlos Perez Alonso, chaplain at a military hospital in Guatemala, disappeared and is presumed to have been killed during a period of repression.

1983 09/02 General Congregation 33 began in Rome with 220 delegates representing 26,000 Jesuits. It elected Peter-Hans Kolvenbach as General Superior.

1983 11/14 Father General Peter-Hans Kolvenbach decreed that all independent vice-provinces in the Society should become provinces.

1983 12/28 The death in a Chinese labor camp of Francis Xavier Chu, a Jesuit born in Shanghai.

1984 12/08 The death of Walter Ciszek, prisoner in Russia from 1939 to 1963.

1985 01/12 Eduardo Rodriguez + in Spain, age 83. He preached 900 missions over 43 years, usually of 12-15 days length. He never carried a suitcase, but only a bundle or bag.

1985 10/30 In Mozambique the brutal assasination of Joao de Deus and Silvio Moreira, Portuguese Jesuits who were missionaries dedicated to the good of the people.

1987 06/02 The death of Anthony de Mello, author and retreat master.

1989 06/01 The death of Sergio Restrepo, whose defense of the rights of the powerless and of the environment made him a threat to the interests of the economic and political powers in Tierralta, Colombia.

1989 11/16 The assassination in San Salvador, El Salvador, of Ignacio Ellacuría, Ignacio Martín-Baró, Segundo Mondes, Joaquín López, Juan Ramón Moreno, and Amando López, along with their cook, Elba Julia Ramos, and her daughter Celina Maricet Ramos.

1991 02/05 At Rome, the death of Pedro Arrupe, 28th superior general of the Society of Jesus.

1991 08/27 In Bogotá, Colombia, the first meeting for those in charge of pastoral work in the Latin American universities of the Society of Jesus.

1992 05/31 The canonization of Claude de la Colombiere by Pope John Paul II, 63 years after he was beatified by Pius XI.

1994 07/12 "Symposium on the Vocation and Mission of the Jesuit Brother" opened in Loyola and functioned as a commission to prepare for the 34th General Congregation.

1995 01/05 The 34th General Congregation: Servants of Christ’s Mission. The major task of it was the revision of the law proper to the Society of Jesus.

1996 10/27 Christophe Munzihirwa Mwene Ngabo SJ, archbishop of Bukavu in the Democratic Republic was murdered. He had denounced the political and economic exploitation of hundreds of thousands of Rwandan refugees who sought refuge in Kivu.

2008 01/05 The 35th General Congregation elected Adolfo Nicolás as new Superior General. The Congregation set five areas as apostolic priorities for the Society: Africa, China, the intellectual apostolate, the inter-provincial institutions in Rome and Migration and Refugees.

2013 03/13 Pope Francis, Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, was elected to be the 266th Pope of the Catholic Church being the first Jesuit in history to become Pope.

2013 12/17 Pope Francis canonized Saint Peter Faber, one of the first companions who founded the Society of Jesus with St Ignacius of Loyola and St Francis Xavier.

2014 04/07 In Homs, Syria, Frans Van der Lugt was assassinated.

2014 12/08 Adolfo Nicolás convoked the 36th General Congregation for October 2016.

2016 10/14 Arturo Sosa Abascal, from Venuzuvela  elected as the General