Historical Background: History of the Society of Jesus
Society of Jesus made its beginning in the context of world events.
1453 | Fall of Constantinople to Turks; Venetian commerce challenged
1474-1516 | Ferdinand and Isabella reign; expulsion of Moors and Jews from Spain
1475 | Birth of Michaelangelo Buonarroti
1483 | Birth of Raphael Sanzio, Martin Luther
1490 | Birth of Titian (Tiziano Vecelli)
1491 | Siege of Granada by Ferdinand and Isabella
1492 | Columbus finds America. Annexation of Granada by Spain. Alexander VI (Borgia) pope.
1494 | Beginning of Italian wars
1497 | Vasco de Gama goes around Cape of Good Hope
1498 | Death of Savonarola
1503 | Julius II pope. Erasmus' Enchiridion of the Christian Soldier
1505 | Luther enters the Augustinians. Michelangelo began Julius II's tomb
1506 | Construction of St. Peter's begins in Rome
1508 | Birth of Andrea Palladio, architect. Michelangelo painted Sistine Chapel ceiling; Raphael painted frescoes in Vatican palace
1509 | Birth of John Calvin. Henry VIII king of England. Portuguese in Southeast Asia.
1512 | Fifth Lateran Council, abortive reform effort
1513 | Leo X (Medici) pope
1515 | Francis I of France. Philip Neri and Theresa of Avila born.
1516 | Charles I, king of Spain; became Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in
1519. Machiavelli publishes The Prince. Thomas More writes Utopia.
1528 | Verrazzano off the American coast.
1530 | Lutheran Confession of Augsburg.
1531 | Henry VIII breaks with Rome.
1532 | Francisco Pizarro conquers Inca Empire.
1541 | Michelangelo finishes the Last Judgement. Birth of El Greco. Calvin's Institutes.Turks take Buda and Hungary.
1542 | Roman Inquisition begun. Portuguese in Japan. Birth of John of the Cross, Leonardo da Vinci
1543 | Copernicus' astronomical work De revolutionibus Orbium Coelestorum.
1545 | Opening of Council of Trent. Jesuits sent to Trent by Paul III
1546 | Death of Luther Death of Favre. Francis Borgia, Duke of Gandia, admitted to Jesuits. Jesuits in Brazil.
1547 | Henry VIII dies. Ivan the Terrible begins reign in Russia. Birth of Miguel de Cervantes. Michaelangelo named architect of St. Peter's.
1549 | First English "Act of Uniformity."
1550 | Julius III pope.
1551 | Turkish threat to Vienna.
1553 | Mary Tudor, queen of England
1555 | Marcellus II and Paul IV popes. Peace of Augsburg.
1556 | Abdication of Charles V. Philip II, king of Spain. Palestrina's "Mass of Pope Marcellus."
1561 | Madrid chosen as capital of Spain. Birth of Francis Bacon
1562 | Birth of Lope da Vega, Spanish playwright
c. 1562 | Teresa of Avila and John of the Cross reformed Carmelite orders
1564 | Birth of William Shakespeare
1566 | Revolt of Netherlands against Spain began
1575 | Congregation of the Oratory (founded by Philip Neri) approved.
1577 | Birth of Peter Paul Rubens
1588 | Spanish Armada attempts unsuccessful attack on England.
1596 | Birth of Rene Descartes
1598 | Birth of Gianlorenzo Bernini
1598-1621 | Philip III, king of Spain; decline of Spanish power.
1598-1610 | Henry IV, King of France
1599 | Birth of Diego Velazquez
1600 | Birth of Pedro Calderon, Claude Gelie Lorrain
1602 | Dutch East India Company organized
1603-1625 | James I (Stuart) reigned
1604 | Cervantes' Don Quixote, Part I published in Madrid
1606 | Birth of Rembrandt van Rijn
1610-1643 | Louix XIII, king of France with his mother Maria de' Medici (1573-1642) as regent during his minority
1611 | King James' authorized English translation of bible completed
1616 | Galileo enjoined by pope not to "teach or defend" researches confirming Copernican theory; called before the Inquisition in 1633.
1618-1648 | Thirty Years' War. Spain and Austria defeated, France becomes dominant European power
1621 | Rubens commissioned to paint murals in Luxembourg Palace
1622 | Birth of Molière (J. B. Poquelin)
1621-1665 | Philip IV, king of Spain
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