Monday, 2 November 2020

Society of Jesus in its wider context - Beginnings

Historical Background:  History of the Society of Jesus  

Society of Jesus made its beginning in the context of world events. 

1453 | Fall of Constantinople to Turks; Venetian commerce challenged

1474-1516 | Ferdinand and Isabella reign; expulsion of Moors and Jews from Spain

1475 | Birth of Michaelangelo Buonarroti

1483 | Birth of Raphael Sanzio, Martin Luther

1490 | Birth of Titian (Tiziano Vecelli)

1491 | Siege of Granada by Ferdinand and Isabella

1492 | Columbus finds America. Annexation of Granada by Spain. Alexander VI (Borgia) pope.

1494 | Beginning of Italian wars

1497 | Vasco de Gama goes around Cape of Good Hope

1498 | Death of Savonarola

1503 | Julius II pope. Erasmus' Enchiridion of the Christian Soldier

1505 | Luther enters the Augustinians. Michelangelo began Julius II's tomb

1506 | Construction of St. Peter's begins in Rome

1508 | Birth of Andrea Palladio, architect. Michelangelo painted Sistine Chapel ceiling; Raphael painted frescoes in Vatican palace

1509 | Birth of John Calvin. Henry VIII king of England. Portuguese in Southeast Asia.

1512 | Fifth Lateran Council, abortive reform effort

1513 | Leo X (Medici) pope

1515 | Francis I of France. Philip Neri and Theresa of Avila born.

1516 | Charles I, king of Spain; became Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 

1519. Machiavelli publishes The Prince. Thomas More writes Utopia.

1528 | Verrazzano off the American coast.

1530 | Lutheran Confession of Augsburg.

1531 | Henry VIII breaks with Rome.

1532 | Francisco Pizarro conquers Inca Empire.

1541 | Michelangelo finishes the Last Judgement. Birth of El Greco. Calvin's Institutes.Turks take Buda and Hungary.

1542 | Roman Inquisition begun. Portuguese in Japan. Birth of John of the Cross, Leonardo da Vinci

1543 | Copernicus' astronomical work De revolutionibus Orbium Coelestorum.

1545 | Opening of Council of Trent. Jesuits sent to Trent by Paul III

1546 | Death of Luther Death of Favre. Francis Borgia, Duke of Gandia, admitted to Jesuits. Jesuits in Brazil.

1547 | Henry VIII dies. Ivan the Terrible begins reign in Russia. Birth of Miguel de Cervantes. Michaelangelo named architect of St. Peter's.

1549 | First English "Act of Uniformity."

1550 | Julius III pope.

1551 | Turkish threat to Vienna.

1553 | Mary Tudor, queen of England

1555 | Marcellus II and Paul IV popes. Peace of Augsburg.

1556 | Abdication of Charles V. Philip II, king of Spain. Palestrina's "Mass of Pope Marcellus."

1561 | Madrid chosen as capital of Spain. Birth of Francis Bacon

1562 | Birth of Lope da Vega, Spanish playwright

c. 1562 | Teresa of Avila and John of the Cross reformed Carmelite orders

1564 | Birth of William Shakespeare

1566 | Revolt of Netherlands against Spain began

1575 | Congregation of the Oratory (founded by Philip Neri) approved.

1577 | Birth of Peter Paul Rubens

1588 | Spanish Armada attempts unsuccessful attack on England.

1596 | Birth of Rene Descartes

1598 | Birth of Gianlorenzo Bernini

1598-1621 | Philip III, king of Spain; decline of Spanish power.

1598-1610 | Henry IV, King of France

1599 | Birth of Diego Velazquez

1600 | Birth of Pedro Calderon, Claude Gelie Lorrain

1602 | Dutch East India Company organized

1603-1625 | James I (Stuart) reigned

1604 | Cervantes' Don Quixote, Part I published in Madrid

1606 | Birth of Rembrandt van Rijn

1610-1643 | Louix XIII, king of France with his mother Maria de' Medici (1573-1642) as regent during his minority

1611 | King James' authorized English translation of bible completed

1616 | Galileo enjoined by pope not to "teach or defend" researches confirming Copernican theory; called before the Inquisition in 1633.

1618-1648 | Thirty Years' War. Spain and Austria defeated, France becomes dominant European power

1621 | Rubens commissioned to paint murals in Luxembourg Palace

1622 | Birth of Molière (J. B. Poquelin)

1621-1665 | Philip IV, king of Spain

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